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Pharmacovigilance --- European Union --- Conflict of Interest

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Deze Masterproef gaat na hoe lokale politici het risico op belangenconflicten en de preventie ervan binnen lokale besturen percipiëren. Deze onderzoeksvraag is gesteld omdat binnen de huidige wetenschappelijke literatuur er onvoldoende onderzoek gevoerd is naar hoe politici hier zelf tegen aan kijken. Hoe volgens lokale politici, vanuit de praktijk, het bestuur en zijzelf zich moet wapenen tegen belangenconflicten. Want een belangenconflict schaadt de integriteit van de organisatie. Dit heeft tot gevolg dat het de overheid haar legitimiteit verliest en dat het vertrouwen van de burger in haar overheid daalt. Het belang van integriteit is niet te verwaarlozen. Integriteit en belangenconflicten komen steeds vaker onder de aandacht van de media en de overheid, gezien de cruciale relevantie voor een overheid. Na een literatuurstudie en een kwalitatieve empirische studie, waarin lokale politici deelgenomen hebben aan diepte-interviews, blijkt dat er geen coherente visie bestaat op belangenconflicten. De politici focussen elk op andere aspecten van een belangenconflict. Het bestuur kan zich het best wapenen tegen belangenconflicten door een integriteitsbeleid te implementeren. De politici zelf wapenen zich tegen belangenconflicten door te vertrouwen op hun gezond verstand en rechtschapenheid. Integer handelen geeft bovendien blijk van professionalisme.

Belangenconflict - Conflict of interest. --- Integriteit - Integrity. --- Lokaal bestuur - Local government. --- S189-organisatiewetenschappen.

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"This anthology examines various ethical issues related to conflicts of interest in research and raises fundamental questions about the role of research in society. In recent years, researchers and others have expressed concern on several occasions about how research has been conducted or used for political or economic gain, where outcomes of research have been called into question and accusations of rigging or poor quality have been leveled. “Conflict of interest” is a term from research ethics that can help clarify what is at the core of many of these cases.Questions posed and explored in this anthology include: What exactly is a conflict of interest within the context of research? Is the ideal of pure, unbiased objectivity even realistic? To what degree can transparency remediate challenges associated with conflicts of interest?The objective with this collection of chapters is to encourage reflection and discourse about the ethical principles and norms that insure quality and integrity in research. The anthology will be of interest to researchers in particular, and all others concerned with ethics in research." "Denne antologien belyser ulike forskningsetiske aspekter ved interessekonflikter i forskning, og reiser grunnleggende spørsmål om forskningens rolle i samfunnet. I løpet av de siste årene har forskere og andre i flere tilfeller uttrykt bekymring over hvordan forskning styres og brukes av politiske og økonomiske interesser, der forskningsresultater trekkes i tvil, og der det fremmes anklager om fusk eller dårlig kvalitet. «Interessekonflikter» er et begrep fra forskningsetikken som kan bidra til å avklare hva som står på spill i mange av disse sakene. Spørsmål som tas opp i antologien, inkluderer:Hva er egentlig interessekonflikter i forskning?Er idealet om interesseløshet realistisk?I hvilken grad kan åpenhet bøte på utfordringene knyttet til interessekonflikter?Målet er at tekstene i denne boken skal bidra til refleksjon og debatt om de etiske prinsippene og normene som skal verne om forskningens kvalitet og troverdighet. Antologien henvender seg til forskere og en bredere offentlighet som er opptatt av forskningsetiske spørsmål. Bidragsyterne er forskere, hovedsakelig innenfor naturvitenskapelige og teknologiske fag."

conflict of interest --- research ethics --- research --- research integrity --- interessekonflikter --- forskning --- forskningens rolle

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Natural resources have the transformational potential to support economic and political stability as well as contribute to national prosperity and economic development. However, in countries dependent upon natural resource sectors, poor management of these sectors often contributes to corruption, illicit financial flows (IFFs) and thus, poverty. Adequate transparency and accountability in regulatory management of these sectors is a challenge for resource rich countries. Poor licensing decisions in natural resource management can open a pandora's box of corruption risks. This manual provides methods and options based on good practices to improve transparency, accountability, and integrity in the regulatory licensing process and integrity due diligence. The manual borrows models from the Basel Core Principle 'fit and proper' concept, and provides options for conducting effective (a) beneficial ownership; (b) criminal/legal; and (c) conflicts of interest checks, with a goal of integrating these into the regulatory licensing process. The manual also identifies common legal framework defects that can facilitate corruption risks, and offers options based on principles of regulatory integrity to reduce these risks. The good practices identified can help countries allocate limited financial resources in conducting thorough background checks in a cost-effective manner, as well as meet EITI's requirements for public disclosure of beneficial owners and politically exposed persons. These strategies for reducing opportunities for corruption in extractive sectors can help reduce IFFs that can sap resources from the economy and inhibit a country's ability to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.

Background Checks --- Beneficial Ownership --- Conflict Of Interest --- Corruption --- Criminal Background Check --- Extractives Sector --- Integrity Due Diligence --- Licensing --- Natural Resources --- Transparency

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Medical economics --- Conflict of interests --- Conflict of Interest --- Physicians --- Ethics, Medical --- Morals --- Medical economics - United States --- Medical economics - Japan --- Medical economics - France --- Etats-Unis --- France --- Japon --- Droit médical